HARTLEY Surname - Haplogroup: I1 Y-DNA

One HARTLEY test result shows Y-DNA belonging to the rare I1 DYS 19=16 Haplogroup cluster [positive M253 P30][also M307 M450 P40]
Dr.Kenneth L Nordtvedt Pd.D, Professor Emeritus at Montana State University USA, has estimated that the common paternal line ancestor of this Hartley line was born about 2,800 years ago, or around 800BC, that is at a time when the Bronze Age was moving into the Iron Age, and shortly before Germanic tribes headed south from Scandinavia into the North German Baltic. This man was possibly a Norse King or Tribal Chief.
HARTLEYs with I1 DYS19=16 would have come to Britain and Ireland from Scandinavia [Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark] or from the North German Baltic Region, certainly some time between 800BC and 200 years ago, the late 18thC, by which time they had relocated to Blackburn, at the foot of the Pendle Hills, Lancashire, at the dawn of the industrial revolution. Where the HARTLEYs were living during those 'missing' 2,600 years is not possible to determine, though further future DNA matches and undiscovered paper records would help.
The present-day location of the I1 DYS19=16 cluster in Scandinavia is consistent with the historical location of Vikings, though it is possible Danes, Angles, Jutes or later Normans could be the source of this HARTLEY blood-line.

The closest present day DNA matches of males with the same Y-DNA confirm the geographical area of Norway, Sweden, Finland and North Germany. None have the surname HARTLEY. [Locations shown on map above; FINLAND: Pedersöre Vaasa, Oulu and Tampere SWEDEN: Karlskrona, Vastmanland, Kopparberg, Värmland and Vasttarna NORWAY: Nordland and Telemark RUSSIA: St Petersburg [close to Finland] GERMANY: Rugen [likely a Viking settler] SCOTLAND: Stirlingshire [likely a Viking settler] ENGLAND: Leeds, Yorkshire and Blackburn, Lancashire [likely Viking settlers] plus a couple in the USA who likely came from England [likely Viking settlers]

The founder of I1 DYS19=16 must have lived after 13,500 BC-9,500 BC, when Scandinavia was finally being freed from the Last Great Ice Age.

Haplogroup I1 is native to, and is found mostly in, Scandinavia and Northern Germany, where in places, it can represent over 50% of the population. The greatest density of I1 can be found in two distinct areas; to the North of Europe, at Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Iceland and Germany; and to the South, at Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Sardinia.
[frequency of 50% in Satakunta, Finland; 40% in Western Finland; 35% in South West Sweden [Gotland] and Southern Norway; gradually decreasing in Denmark and the North German Baltic.
I1 is the most common haplogroup in nearly all regions of Sweden. Within this haplogroup, the regions did not show any deviation among themselves except for the I1 haplotypes found in Värmland. This region differed significantly from two Swedish regions and both the Saami and Österbotten I1 lineages. No other Swedish region differed from the Saami or the Österbotten samples]
Associated with the Norse ethnicity, it is found in all places invaded by the ancient Germanic tribes and the Vikings. During the Nordic Stone Age, pre-I1 and I1 people were part of the successive Hamburg culture 13,500-11,000 BC) Ahrensburg culture [11,000-9,500 BC], Maglemosian culture [9,500–6,000 BC], Kongemose culture [ca. 6,000–5,200 BC], Ertebølle-Ellerbek culture [5,200-3,950 BC]; all cultures of Reindeer Hunters. Their settlements were in proximity to the rim of the Ice, and the landscape was tundra with bushy arctic white birch and rowan. The most important prey was the wild reindeer, and the hunters ranged areas as large as 100,000 km2 [40,000 sq miles]
People belonging to Haplogroup I1 all descend from a single man [possibly a Norse King or Tribal Chief] who lived after those early cultures, less than 4,000-6,000 years ago, or around 4000 BC-2000 BC during the pre-Bronze Age Funnelbeaker culture [4000-2700 BC]. They were nomadic hunter-gathers and fishermen, later settled farmers, growing wheat and barley and keeping sheep, goats, pigs and cattle; they hunted Reindeer and Deer in forests and wetlands and they domesticated the wolf. Their remains have been found on the Island of Rügen, home of the Mother Earth Goddess, HERTHA.
I1 is the origin of the gene allowing adults of Northern European descent to digest lactose. The Mother Earth Goddess HERTHA was widely worshipped by them [see Nerthus/Heorotha/Hertha - Name Page].

Haplogroup I arose in Europe, and is almost non-existent outside of Europe. It originated around 21,000 years ago at the start of the Last Great Ice Age and is the native European DNA. It wasn't part of the so-called 'Out of Africa' theory [see Multiregional theory below]; native Europeans were independent of Africa over many hundreds of thousands of years and have distinct traits such as light hair and eye colour, as shown in the following maps:

Haplogroup I descended from more ancient native Europeans like Cro-Magnon, Neanderthal, Heidelberg and Homo antecessor.

Cro-Magnon: ancestral to the current population of Europe and lived as far back as 35,000 years ago. They had the same high forehead, upright posture and slender skeleton as modern humans but were more robust and had a slightly larger cranial capacity. Cro-Magnon's co-existed with and absorbed the older Neanderthals.

Neanderthal: earlier European dating back to 350,000 years ago. They hunted Bison, Deer, Gazelles and wild Horses that flourished in Europe, and existed until long after the Last Great Ice Age. They had limbs that were shorter and stockier than those of modern Europeans.

Heidelberg: was a native European, existing before Neanderthals, between 600,000 and 250,000 years ago. Like Cro-Magnon, Heidelberg Man had a larger cranial capacity than modern Europeans, and had more advanced tools and behavior. They were tall, 1.8 m [6 ft] on average, and more muscular, and hunted wild Deer, Elephants, Rhinoceroses and Horses.

Homo antecessor: dating from 1.2 million to 800,000 years ago, they are the earliest known native Europeans, a direct ancestor of Haplogroup I1 Europeans, Cro-Magnon, Neanderthal and Heidelberg Man. They were up to 1.8m [6ft] tall and of similar build to Heidelberg Man but had a smaller cranial capacity. Homo antecessor flint artifacts have been found as widespread as Northern Spain and Norfolk in England. There were no caves in Norfolk so primitive huts would have been constructed for shelter. Hunting would have included Deer, Giant Elk, Horses and Mammoths. Other wildlife at that time included Elephants, Rhinos, Sabre-toothed Cats and Hyenas.

Fossil and genomic data supports the hypothesis of a Multiregional origin of modern humans. The gene flow and sexual reproduction between modern and ancestral human population has not been ruled out; the 'Out of Africa' theory is not a consensus view. Clearly, modern humans show evidence of ancient native Europeans traits, from Cro-Magnon, Neanderthal, Heidelberg and Homo antecessor.

Present-day geographical locations of people with matches to HARTLEY I1 DYS19=16 Haplogroup DNA [positive M253 P30][also M307 M450 P40]

FINLAND: Pedersöre Vaasa, Oulu and Tampere

SWEDEN: Karlskrona, Vastmanland, Kopparberg, Värmland and Vasttarna

NORWAY: Nordland and Telemark

RUSSIA: St Petersburg [close to Finland]

GERMANY: Rugen [likely a Viking settler]

SCOTLAND: Stirlingshire [likely a Viking settler]

ENGLAND: Leeds, Yorkshire and Blackburn, Lancashire [likely Viking settlers]
plus a couple in the USA who likely came from England [likely Viking settlers]

Famous People tested, results showing Y-DNA Haplogroup I1

[1]Birger JARL aka Birger MAGNUSSON [c. 1210 – 21 October 1266] traditionally attributed to have founded the Swedish capital, Stockholm, around 1250, and the consolidation of Sweden as a state. He was a member of the Swedish Royal House of Sverker, a prominent member of the House of Folkung aka the House of Bjälbo. Birger became the defacto King of Sweden and his line produced several Kings of Sweden and Norway from 1250-1364.

Valdemar BIRGERSSON, son of Birger JARL. Valdemar was King of Sweden from 1250-1275.

Magnus III aka Magnus Ladulås, the younger son of Birger JARL, was King of Sweden from 1275-1290 after deposing his brother Valdemar Birgersson. Though not independently tested, his son Magnus IV Eriksson of Sweden aka Magnus VII of Norway would belong to the I1 haplogroup by extension from Magnus Ladulås.

other Famous People with I1 are:

[2] Edmund RICE [b.abt 1594 Suffolk, England – 3rd May 1663 Marlborough, Massachusetts]
[DYS455=8; YCA-IIa,b=19, 21] likely Anglo-Saxon [DYS462=13] Norse-Scandinavian.
Incl. in his descendants are:

Edgar Rice BURROUGHS, [1875-1950] author and creator of the Tarzan character;

Calvin COOLRIDGE, [1872-1933] 30th President of the United States

Elias HOWE, [1819-1867] inventor of the first practical sewing machine.

[3] Alexander HAMILTON [January 11, 1757 – July 12, 1804]

Alexander was the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, a Founding Father, economist, and political philosopher. He was descended from the Scottish laird Alexander Hamilton of Grange, Ayrshire. On December 14, 1780 when he married into a wealthy colonial family; m. Elizabeth Schuyler, daughter of General Philip Schuyler, and thus joined one of the richest military and most political families in the state of New York
[DYS455=8; YCA-IIa,b=19, 21] likely Anglo-Saxon

The Hamilton's were descended from the Norman, Bernard 'The Dane' de Harcourt, a knight to King Robert 1 [the father of William the Conqueror].

His results are:

DYS 393 390 19 391 385A 385B 426 388 439 389I 392 389II 458 459A 459B 455 454 447 437 448

Alleles 13 22 14;15 10 13 14 11 14 12 13 11 29 15 8 9 8 11 22 16 20

DYS 449 464A 464B 464C 464D

DYS 460 GATA-H4 YCAIIA YCAIIB 456 607 576 570 CDYA CDYB 442 438

Alleles 10 10 19 21 14 16 16 19 35 38 12 10

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